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Phylogenetics of Fanged Frogs: Testing Biogeographical Hypotheses at the Interface of the Asian and Australian Faunal Zones
Evans B.J.a,b, Brown R.M.b,c, McGuire J.A.d, Supriatna J.e,f, Andayani N.e, Diesmos A.c, Iskandar D.g, Melnick D.J.a, Cannatella D.C.b
a Ctr. for Environ. Res. and Conserv., Dept. Ecol., Evol. Environ. Biol., Columbia University, United States
b Section of Integrative Biology, C0930, University of Texas, United States
c Angela King Ctr. Res. Environ. Mgmt., Silliman University, Bantayan, Philippines
d Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, United States
e Ctr. for Biodiv. and Conserv. Studs., FMIPA, University of Indonesia, India
f Conservation International Indonesia, Indonesia
g Department of Biology, FMIPA Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]The interface of the Asian and Australian faunal zones is defined by a network of deep ocean trenches that separate intervening islands of the Philippines and Wallacea (Sulawesi, the Lesser Sundas, and the Moluccas). Studies of this region by Wallace marked the genesis of the field of biogeography, yet few workers have used molecular methods to investigate the biogeography of taxa whose distribution spans this interface. Some taxa, such as the fanged frogs of the ranid genus Limnonectes, have distributions on either side of the zoogeographical lines of Wallace and Huxley, offering an opportunity to ask how frequently these purported barriers were crossed and by what paths. To examine diversification of Limnonectes in Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Wallacea, we estimated a phylogeny from mitochondrial DNA sequences obtained from a robust geographic sample. Our analyses suggest that these frogs dispersed from Borneo to the Philippines at least twice, from Borneo to Sulawesi once or twice, from Sulawesi to the Philippines once, and from the Philippines to Sulawesi once. Dispersal to the Moluccas occurred from Sulawesi and to the Lesser Sundas from Java/Bali. Species distributions are generally concordant with Pleistocene aggregate island complexes of the Philippines and with areas of endemism on Sulawesi. We conclude that the recognition of Zoogeographic lines, though insightful, may oversimplify the biogeography of widespread taxa in this region.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Dispersal,Philippines,Sulawesi,Vicariance,Wallace’s Line[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]We thank the Indonesian Institute of Sciences and the Indonesian Department of Forestry for permission to conduct research in Indonesia, the University of Indonesia for their hospitality and sponsorship, the Muzeum Zoologicum Bogoriense for assistance with permits, R. Fernandez, G. Probowo, and M. I. Setiadi for assistance with field-work, A. Alcala, W. Brown, R. Crombie, R. DeSalle, J. Ferner, L. Heaney, J. C. Morales, and L. Ruedas for helpful discussions on fanged frog taxonomy, biodiversity, species concepts, and biogeography, and D. Zwickl for assistance with analysis. We thank D. A. J. W. K. Min, O. Bracken, S. Bin Ahmad, R. Cutter, N. Schiff, and the Subterranean Explorers for providing genetic samples and the Sarawak Department of Forestry for assistance with permits. We thank B. Inger, E. Jockusch, L. Grismer, T. Macrini, and K. Zamudio for valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau of the Philippines Department of the Environment and Natural Resources for facilitating collecting and export permits between 1994 and 2001. For loans of specimens and assistance while visiting museum collections, we thank the following individuals and their respective institutions (museum acronyms follow Leviton et al., 1985): J. Vindum, A. Leviton, and R. Drewes (CAS); R. Crombie, K. de Queiroz, and G. Zug (USNM); A. Resetar, C. Redhead, H. Voris, and R. Inger (FMNH); L. Ford (AMNH); J. Rosales (TNHC); J. Ferner and R. Kennedy (CMNH); R. Sison (PNM); and M. Leonida (De La Salle University). Financial support for fieldwork of B.J.E. was provided by the National Science Foundation, Conservation International, the Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, and the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Financial support for visits by A.C.D. and R.M.B. to CAS was provided by the Charles Stearns Fellowship. Financial support for Philippine fieldwork of R.M.B. and A.C.D. was provided by the Society of Systematic Biologists, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, The Explorers Club, the Texas Memorial Museum, and the Section of Integrative Biology of the University of Texas at Austin. We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation for funding from NSF grant DEB-9981631 to D.C.C.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390251063[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]