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Way out of Africa: Early Pleistocene paleoenvironments inhabited by Homo erectus in Sangiran, Java
Bettis III E.A.a, Milius A.K.a, Carpenter S.J.a, Larick R.a, Zaim Y.b, Rizal Y.b, Ciochon R.L.a, Tassier-Surine S.A.a, Murray D.a, Sumintoc, Bronto S.c
a Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, United States
b Department of Geology, Institute of Technology, Indonesia
c Quaternary Geology Laboratory, Geological Research and Development Center, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]A sequence of paleosols in the Solo Basin, Central Java, Indonesia, documents the local and regional environments present when Homo erectus spread through Southeast Asia during the early Pleistocene. The earliest human immigrants encountered a low-relief lake-margin landscape dominated by moist grasslands with open woodlands in the driest landscape positions. By 1.5 Ma, large streams filled the lake and the landscape became more riverine in nature, with riparian forests, savanna, and open woodland. Paleosol morphology and carbon isotope values of soil organic matter and pedogenic carbonates indicate a long-term shift toward regional drying or increased duration of the annual dry season through the early Pleistocene. This suggests that an annual dry season associated with monsoon conditions was an important aspect of the paleoclimate in which early humans spread from Africa to Southeast Asia. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Carbon isotopes,Hominin evolution,Indonesia,Paleoecology,Paleosols,Sunda[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]The Institute of Technology Bandung and the University of Iowa (UI) collaborated in this research, with assistance from the Indonesian Geological Research and Development Centre. The Indonesian Institute of Sciences issued research permits 7450/V3/KS/1998, 3174/V3/KS/1999, 4301/1.3/KS/2001, 4212/SU/KU/2003, and 03799/SU/KS/2006 for our fieldwork. Funding for fieldwork was provided by the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation. Additional funding came from the following UI sources: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, Central Investment Fund for Research Enhancement, Office of the Vice-President for Research, the Office of the Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the Iowa Center for Research by Undergraduates, and the Human Evolution Research Fund at the University of Iowa Foundation. Computer graphics and other digital images were created by the authors and refined by James W. Rogers. K. Lindsay Eaves-Johnson proofread several versions of the manuscript. The manuscript was significantly improved by the comments of three anonymous reviewers.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.003[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]