[vc_empty_space][vc_empty_space]
Downward and upward dry deposition fluxes measured during dry season in An Urban Area Bandung, Indonesia
Lestari P.a, Pradinya A.a
a Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2007 by the Air & Waste Management Association.Downward and Upward dry deposition fluxes were measured simultaneously during dry season using a dry deposition plate with smooth surface at two locations in Bandung which are, Tegalega and Dago Pakar. Tegalega represent a mixed site, commercial, transportation and industrial area, while Dago Pakar represents the rural site. The mylars were placed on top and bottom of the plate to measure the downward and upward dry deposition fluxes. Twelve (12) samples from Tegalega and 7 samples from Dago Pakar sites were collected over two or three day- time periods. The samples were then analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AA5) to determine the elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, K, Na, Si, Al, Ti, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and V), and using Spectrophotometer to determine sulfate and nitrate. Average downward and upward fluxes at Tegalega site were 212.4 and 58.3 mg/m2.day respectively. While average fluxes at Dago Pakar 93.8 and 21.1 mg/m2.day for downward and upward fluxes respectively. Sulfate, nitrate and metals were existed in both upper and bottom depositions. In Tegalega, sulfate and nitrate contributed about 17.8 % and 29% to the total downward and upward fluxes while elements contribution to the total fluxes were 13% and 22% for downward and upward fluxes respectively. In the rural site, elements contribute about 13% of the downward fluxes and 21% of the upward fluxes. Sulfate and nitrate fluxes contribute 15% and 36% to the downward and upward fluxes respectively. The differences indicated that there might be different size of particles existing on the top and bottom depositions. Dry deposition velocities were determined by dividing the total mass flux with ambient particulate concentration. The results show that the downward deposition velocities at mixed site were 1.5 times higher than in the rural site indicating that larger particles existed more in the mixed site area.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Anthropogenic elements,Atomic absorption spectrophotometer,Deposition velocities,Dry deposition,Dry deposition fluxes,Dry deposition velocities,Sulfate,TSP[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Crustal element and anthropogenic element,Downward deposition,Dry deposition,Nitrate,Sulfate,TSP,Upward deposition[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]