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On the drastic reduction of organic structure directing agent in the steam-assisted crystallization of zeolite with hierarchical porosity
Rilyanti M.a, Mukti R.R.a, Kadja G.T.M.a, Ogura M., Nur H.c, Ng E.-P.d, Ismunandara
a Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
b Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
c Center for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
d School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.The absence of organic structure directing agent (OSDA) in the synthesis of zeolite has shown progress recently, nevertheless the formation mechanism is still not clearly understood and the technique cannot be fully generalized for the synthesis of various types of zeolite frameworks. In this research, the drastic reduction of OSDA in the synthesis of ZSM-5 employing the steam-assisted crystallization (SAC) was studied. The used tetrapropylammonium bromide as OSDA in the synthesis of ZSM-5 was one-fifth and one-twentieth of typical amount reported in literature. Upon OSDA reduction, the crystallization leads to the formation of ZSM-5 with hierarchical pore structure revealed by SEM and TEM images in which it is different compared to the parent spherical-like crystal morphology of ZSM-5 synthesized without reducing the OSDA amounts. A quantitative analysis of the X-ray diffractograms suggests that 100% crystallinity could not be achieved in the sample synthesized under the OSDA reduction confirming that the orientation of crystal growth is not similar to the conventional coffin-type ZSM-5 crystal. The deviancy in crystal growth is further associated with the formation of mesopores originated from severe defect planes of ZSM-5. On the verge of gradual disappearance, a broadened distribution of mesoporosity could return the crystallinity to 100% in which faulty elongated crystal shape, close to typical coffin-type growth orientation appeared as the product after commencing the Oswald ripening of longer period of synthesis time. The conventional hydrothermal synthesis may not be used for crystallizing ZSM-5 when the OSDA was one-twentieth of typical starting amount making the SAC to be an appropriate technique for synthesizing ZSM-5 under drastically reduced OSDA, in particular to simultaneously perform the hierarchically porous zeolite.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Appropriate techniques,Hierarchical,Hierarchical pore structures,Hierarchical porosity,Hierarchically porous zeolites,OSDA,Tetrapropyl ammonium bromide,ZSM-5[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Hierarchical,OSDA,SAC,ZSM-5[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]The work was supported in part by a TWAS research grant. MR acknowledges the financial support and scholarship from the Indonesian Ministry of Education , Directorate for Higher Education (DIKTI) . GTMK acknowledges DIKTI for the scholarship through the PMDSU program. RRM thanks Prof. M. O. Coppens (UCL) and Prof. F. Fajula (U. Montpellier) for a fruitful discussion. We acknowledge Dr. Z. Liu, Dr. T. Wakihara and Prof. T. Okubo for the TEM measurement at The University of Tokyo, Japan.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.04.038[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]