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Investigation of the physical characteristics of washed hydrochar pellets made from empty fruit bunch
Zaini I.N.a, Novianti S.a, Nurdiawati A.a, Irhamna A.R.b, Aziz M.a, Yoshikawa K.a
a Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
b Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2017 Elsevier B.V.In this study, the comparison of the pellets produced from untreated EFB, the hydrothermally treated empty fruit bunch (HTT-EFB) and washed HTT-EFB was performed. The pelletization of the raw EFB, HTT-EFB, and washed HTT-EFB was conducted using a single pellet making device. In experiments performed at room temperature under a densification pressure of 150 MPa, the physical properties, mechanical strength, durability, and hydrophobicity of the produced pellets were then evaluated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was also performed to investigate the binding mechanisms within the pellets. The results showed that the washed HTT-EFB pellets had higher mechanical strength and durability than the HTT-EFB or raw EFB pellets. The HTT-EFB pellets also demonstrated hydrophobic behavior against moisture exposure. However, the washed HTT-EFB pellets required higher compaction energy than the other pellets. From this analysis, it was determined that the changes in the composition of EFB biomass owing to HTT and the washing process regulate pelletization behavior and affect the binding mechanism during pelletization. In addition, the combustion performance of treated EFB samples showed significant improvements as it has higher ignition temperatures with more uniform combustion profiles as shown in the data obtained from TGA analyser. This research demonstrated that the combination of HTT, washing, and pelletization cotreatment is a promising method for upgrading EFB into energy-dense, durable, and homogeneous hydrophobic solid fuel.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Biomass pellets,Combustion performance,Hydrochar,Hydrothermal treatments,Hydrothermally treated,Ignition temperatures,Physical characteristics,Washing process[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Biomass pellet,Durability,Hydrochar,Hydrothermal treatment,Washing process[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.02.020[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]