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Alkali metal ion-exchanged zeolite x from bamboo leaf biomass as base catalysts in cyanoethylation of methanol enhanced by non-microwave instant heating
Ng E.-P.a, Chow J.-H.a, Wong S.-F.a, Mukti R.R.b, Muraza O.c, Ling T.C.d, Wong K.-L.
a School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
b Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
c Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
d Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
e Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]A series of alkali form (Na, K, Cs, and Ca) faujisite X-type zeolites were prepared from bamboo leaf ash, which was derived from bamboo agricultural waste. The XRD and SEM results revealed that the zeolite structure remained intact after ion exchange treatment. A very high degree of ion exchange (≥ 85%) was achieved in all of the prepared zeolite samples. The zeolite samples were tested in a solvent-free cyanoethylation reaction of methanol under an instant heating environment that mimicked microwave fast heating, which was explored for the first time. The catalytic performances of the zeolite samples were well correlated with their surface basicity, which was characterised by pyrrole adsorption followed by in situ infrared spectroscopy. The CsX zeolite showed excellent catalytic performance (∼97% reactant conversion and 100% product selectivity within 15min), which was comparable to the microwave-assisted system and superior to the normal reflux system. The catalytic activity of the CsX zeolite was retained even after 10 cycles of reaction.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Catalytic performance,Ion-exchange treatment,Microwave assisted,Product selectivities,Reactant conversion,Situ infrared spectroscopy,Surface basicity,Zeolite structure[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]The financial support from FRGS Grant (203/PKIMIA/6711495) and NIE Academic Research Fund (AcRF Project RI 5/12 WKL) is gratefully acknowledged.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1071/CH17168[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]