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Cocoa bean skin waste as potential raw material for liquid smoke production
Handojo L.a, Cherilisaa, Indarto A.a
a Department of Food Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Cocoa bean skin is a waste of chocolate industries that mostly contains hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. This material shows to be a promising feedstock for the production of liquid smoke and charcoal. The study was aimed to analyse the influence of temperature and heating rate of cocoa bean skin pyrolysis to the production of liquid smoke. Optimization of pyrolysis process variables, i.e. by adjusting the suitable temperature and heating rate, is the key to obtain a high-quality product. The pyrolysis process was carried out using heating rates between 5°C/min and 15°C/min at three pyrolysis temperatures of 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C. The yield of the produced liquid smoke was in the range of 18–23%. It showed that at a faster heating rate, the reaction produced more charcoal, ash, and water content for all pyrolysis temperatures. The highest yield of charcoal was ca. 39% with a caloric value of 22.97 MJ/kg, while the lowest ash and water content was in the range of 16.5–19% and 6.5–8.5%, respectively. This result shows that the utilization of this organic waste compounds could be promising for large-scale production.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Caloric value,Cocoa beans,High-quality products,Large scale productions,Liquid smoke,Organic wastes,Pyrolysis process,Pyrolysis temperature,Charcoal,Heating,Hot Temperature,Smoke,Temperature,Tobacco[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]charcoal,Cocoa bean skin,heating rate,liquid smoke,pyrolysis[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1520306[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]