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Stability of granular tunnel
Yuliza E.a, Amalia N.a, Rahmayanti H.D.a, Munir R.a, Munir M.M.a, Khairurrijal K.a, Abdullah M.a
a Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.We demonstrated that the stability of tunnels made of granular matter is strongly dependent on the grain size, tunnel diameter, and water content inside the granules. Larger tunnel radius, larger grain size, and too much water content tend to destabilize the tunnel. We also developed a model to describe such findings. We identified a phase diagram of stability which is significantly controlled by the granular bond order. For granular bond order of above unity, we always able to build a stable tunnel. For granular bond order of less than unity, we obtained a general expression for estimating the maximum thickness of the stable tunnel. The phenomena related to granular tunnel stability have occurred in human activities (such as a collapse of the sand hole made on the beach) as well as in living animals (such as burrows dug by crabs, antlions, mongoose, beetles, turtles, or some species of rats). To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first exploration regarding the stability of the granular tunnel.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Bond ordering,Diagram of stabilities,General expression,Granular matter,Human activities,Living animals,Maximum thickness,Tunnel stability[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Granular bond order,Granular tunnel,Phase diagram,Tunnel stability[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-018-0847-5[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]