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Monitoring of long-term land subsidence from 2003 to 2017 in coastal area of Semarang, Indonesia by SBAS DInSAR analyses using Envisat-ASAR, ALOS-PALSAR, and Sentinel-1A SAR data
Yastika P.E.a, Shimizu N.a, Abidin H.Z.b,c
a Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
b Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), Indonesia
c Geodesy Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2018 COSPARLand subsidence is a critical issue that large cities located in coastal areas, such as Semarang, Indonesia, must address. The monitoring of land subsidence is vital for predicting and mitigating the disasters that such subsidence may cause. Therefore, an economical and effective monitoring method, which can continuously provide accurate measurements over extensive areas, is highly required. Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) has the potential to be a powerful technique that can meet the above demands. Actually, DInSAR has been applied to monitor the subsidence in Semarang, but it was for a limited period before 2012. In order to clarify the transition of the long-term subsidence behavior in Semarang, the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) method, which is one type of time-series DInSAR, is employed in this research. The sets of data of Envisat-ASAR (2003–2007), ALOS-PALSAR (2007–2011), and Sentinel-1A (2015–2017) are employed for the analyses. Then, the validity of the SBAS results is discussed from the viewpoints of both spatial distribution and temporal transition using GPS displacement measurement results and the geological conditions of the ground. On the other hand, as the lifespan of SAR satellites is commonly designed to be around 5–7 years, an appropriate method, which can connect the subsidence provided independently by the unlinked time-series data sets of the three different SAR satellite data, is required. This study uses the Hyperbolic Method (HM) to connect the above unlinked SBAS results. The HM is often used to fit the monitored subsidence in practice as a geotechnical engineering tool. Using this method, 14 years of the temporal behavior of the subsidence in Semarang is evaluated. It is found that the transition of the subsidence is different depending on the location, and that the subsidence rate is still increasing in the north and northeast parts of the coastal area. This study shows that SBAS DInSAR can be a useful tool for long-term continuous subsidence monitoring.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]D-inSAR,Hyperbolic method,Land subsidence,Long term monitoring,Semarang[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Hyperbolic method,Land subsidence,Long-term monitoring,SBAS DInSAR,Semarang[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: ‘All the Envisat-ASAR and Sentinel-1A SAR data used in this research were provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) . The ALOS-PALSAR data were provided by JAXA (Japan) through research cooperation between JAXA and Yamaguchi University. The DEM data were provided by the USGS (USA). The authors wish to express their appreciation to those agencies. They also thank Drs. I. Gumilar and H. Andreas, Institut Teknologi Bandung, for preparing the GPS measurement results mentioned in this paper. Thanks are also extended to Mr. M. Awaluddin, Universitas Diponegoro, and Dr. H. Andreas again, for helping with the field investigation in Semarang, to Prof. T. Tanaka of Yamaguchi University, and Prof. M. Shimada of Tokyo Denki University for their valuable suggestions. The authors thank Ms. H. Griswold for proofreading this paper. Thanks are also sincerely extended to the anonymous reviewers and editors for their constructive comments and suggestions. This research was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ) Grant Number 16H03153 , and JSPS Core-to-Core Program, B. Asia-Africa Science Platforms.’}, {‘$’: ‘All the Envisat-ASAR and Sentinel-1A SAR data used in this research were provided by the European Space Agency (ESA). The ALOS-PALSAR data were provided by JAXA (Japan) through research cooperation between JAXA and Yamaguchi University. The DEM data were provided by the USGS (USA). The authors wish to express their appreciation to those agencies. They also thank Drs. I. Gumilar and H. Andreas, Institut Teknologi Bandung, for preparing the GPS measurement results mentioned in this paper. Thanks are also extended to Mr. M. Awaluddin, Universitas Diponegoro, and Dr. H. Andreas again, for helping with the field investigation in Semarang, to Prof. T. Tanaka of Yamaguchi University, and Prof. M. Shimada of Tokyo Denki University for their valuable suggestions. The authors thank Ms. H. Griswold for proofreading this paper. Thanks are also sincerely extended to the anonymous reviewers and editors for their constructive comments and suggestions. This research was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Grant Number 16H03153, and JSPS Core-to-Core Program, B. Asia-Africa Science Platforms.’}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.11.008[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]