Optimization of cellulose nanofiber production from oil palm empty fruit bunch using Trichoderma sp. with the solid state fermentation method
Aditiawati P.a, Dungani R.a, Fikri R.M.a, Hartati S.b
a School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
b Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia
Abstract
© 2019, North Carolina State University.Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch by delignification using Marasmius sp. and subsequently treated by solid state fermentation using Trichoderma sp. This method used pH values of 4.8, 5.5, and 7 and temperatures of 28 °C, 32 °C, and 37 °C for 7 d. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and particle size analysis were performed to determine the properties of the isolated cellulose nanofibers. Results showed that chemical analysis by FTIR, lignin was completely removed from the EFB. It was found that the combination of pH 5.5 and incubation temperature 37 °C were favorable for the SSF process to isolate cellulose nanofibers from oil palm EFB fiber. SSF processing resulted in smooth morphological structures, with a fiber diameter range of 32.6 nm to 36.4 nm.
Author keywords
Cellulase,Enzymatic,Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy,Marasmius sp,Morphological structures,Oil palm empty fruit bunch,Solid-state fermentation,Trichoderma
Indexed keywords
Cellulase,Delignification,Enzymatic,Marasmius sp.,Nanocellulose,Trichoderma
Funding details
The authors would like to thank the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia for the Postdoctoral Fellowship award. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia for providing a research university grant.