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Experimental Measurements of Residual Stress in ARMOX 500T and Evaluation of the Resultant Ballistic Performance
Saleh M.a,d, Luzin V.a,e, Kariem M.A.b, Thorogood K.a, Ruan D.c,d
a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, 2232, Australia
b Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
c Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia
d DMTC (Ltd), Hawthorn, 3122, Australia
e School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2019, © Crown .To better elucidate the processing route used in the manufacture of High Hardness Armour steel, the crystallographic texture and the residual stress in the through thickness of an ARMOX 500T plate was evaluated. Crystallographic texture can play a part in the armour’s ballistic response, and authors note that the hot rolling process used in the manufacture of these steels often leads to an inhomogeneous through thickness texture variation. Neutron diffraction experiments highlight two texture components, a shear texture near the surface, and rolling texture, which extends from 1.5 mm below the surface to the plate’s centreline. Moreover a pronounced twin peaked residual stress field was observed using neutron diffraction and verified through the contour method, with stresses ranging from − 150 to 150 MPa for the rolling and transverse directions. Using the experimentally measured stress profiles, and recently derived Johnson–Cook flow stress parameters, the authors mapped the stresses to a finite element model and subsequently carried out numerical analysis on the ballistic response of the plate against a 0.30 cal APM2 round. Analysis of the two starting conditions, with and without residual stress, allowed the authors to highlight a small improvement in the ballistic response by way of: (a) a reduction in the positive tri-axiality experienced by the plate’s back face and (b) an increase in the volume of material ahead of the bullet with negative tri-axiality. The presence of compressive stresses on the strike face coincides with an increase in the adiabatic heating of the plate specimen which counters some of these benefits. The newly generated ballistic limit diagram is compared with the available literature and a number of variations are apparent which are discussed in light of the flow stress regimes. Comparisons of the Finite Element results to a newly modified version of the analytical Forrestal–Warren model show excellent correlation, thus providing another rapid verification method.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Analytical,ARMOX 500T,Ballistic performance,Ballistic resistance,Crystallographic textures,Hot rolling process,Residual stress fields,Verification method[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Analytical,ARMOX 500T,Ballistic resistance,Crystallographic texture,Numerical simulation,Residual stress[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: ‘This paper includes research that was supported by DMTC Limited (Australia). The authors have prepared this paper in accordance with the intellectual property rights granted to partners from the original DMTC project. The authors wish to thank the IT department at ANSTO for the provision of high performance computing and the ANSTO engineering workshop for cutting/preparation services. R. Smith (current) and D. Shanmugam (formerly) from THALES Protected Vehicle for the supply of the ARMOX 500T plate.’}, {‘$’: ‘This paper includes research that was supported by DMTC Limited (Australia). The authors have prepared this paper in accordance with the intellectual property rights granted to partners from the original DMTC project. The authors wish to thank the IT department at ANSTO for the provision of high performance computing and the ANSTO engineering workshop for cutting/preparation services. R. Smith (current) and D. Shanmugam (formerly) from THALES Protected Vehicle for the supply of the ARMOX 500T plate. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.’}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1007/s40870-019-00231-w[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]