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Rainfall Trend Analysis in the Upper Citarum River Basin, Indonesia
Enunga,b, Hadihardaja I.K.a, Kusuma M.S.B.a, Kardhana H.a
a Water Resources Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
b Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung, 40012, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.Changes in rainfall pattern due to climate change have an impact on streamflow. Extreme rainfall has triggered an annual increase in flooding in the Upper Citarum River Basin. The present study, 18 years (1998–2016) of daily rainfall data at sixteen rain gauge stations was used to identify trends of the annual rainfall, annual maximum 24-h precipitation, and number of a rainy day at the Upper Citarum river basin, Indonesia. The non-parametric statistical test by Mann-Kendall (MK) test and the Sen’s slope estimator were applied to assess the trend of data and the magnitude of the slope. According to the MK test (S value) that approximately 75% of all station tend to increase for rainfall data. Meanwhile, related to Z value at a 95% confidence level, the trend of annual rainfall was increasing significantly in Cipeusing and Cipaku/Paseh stations, while Cisondari station shows a decreasing trend. 50% of the selected stations show a significant trend of the maximum daily rainfall, five stations namely Cicalengka, Cileunca, Rancaekek, Cipeusing, and Cipaku/Paseh stations tend to rise, while Cisondari and Lembang Meteo stations were reduced. Furthermore, Cipaku/Paseh station shows a significant upward trend for number of rainy day, in contrast with 15 stations, which indicate no significant trend of data.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Confidence levels,Extreme rainfall,Mann-Kendall test,Non-parametric statistical tests,Rainfall patterns,Rainfall trends,River basins,Trend[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Rainfall,The Mann-Kendall test,The Sen’s slope estimator,Trend,Upper Citarum river basin[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank LPDP-Ministry of the Finance Republic of Indonesia for awarded BUDI-DN scholarship for a Doctoral Program, and Directorate-General for Research and Development, KEMENRISTEK-DIKTI Indonesia for supporting the research under the Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant 2019 with grant number 2/E1/KP.PTNBH/2019.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_73[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]