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Facile synthesis of battery waste-derived graphene for transparent and conductive film application by an electrochemical exfoliation method
Prakoso B.a, Ma Y.b, Stephanie R.a, Hawari N.H.a, Suendo V.a, Judawisastra H.a, Zong Y., Liu Z., Sumboja A.a,d
a Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
c Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
d National Centre for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.One of the emerging challenges in tackling environmental issues is to treat electronic waste, with fast-growing battery waste as a notable threat to the environment. Proper recycling processes, particularly the conversion of waste to useful & value-added materials, are of great importance but not readily available. In this work, we report a facile and fast production of graphene from graphite extracted from spent Zn-C batteries. The graphene flakes are produced by electrochemically exfoliating graphite under varying DC voltages in poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) solution of different concentrations. The exfoliation takes place via the insertion of PSS into the interlayers of graphite to form C-S bonds as confirmed by FTIR and XPS studies. Under an applied voltage of 5 V and in 0.5 M PSS, high quality graphene flakes are obtained in a good yield, giving an ID/IG ratio of about 0.86 in Raman spectroscopy. The transparent conductive film prepared from the dispersion of high quality graphene flakes shows great promise due to its low sheet resistance (Rs) of 1.1 kΩ sq-1 and high transmittance of 89%. This work illustrates an effective and low-cost method to realize large scale production of graphene from electronic waste.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Applied voltages,Environmental issues,Facile synthesis,High transmittance,Large scale productions,Polysodium 4-styrenesulfonate,Recycling process,Transparent conductive films[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]This work was supported by the Asahi Glass Foundation. This research is partially funded by the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education under World Class University (WCU) Program managed by Institut Teknologi Bandung.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01100b[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]