[vc_empty_space][vc_empty_space]
THE PRESENCE of GEOPHYSICAL LOADINGS in GPS OBSERVATIONS USING GENERAL LEAST SQUARES APPROACHES
Alihan N.S.A.a, Wijaya D.D.b, Din A.H.M.a, Omar A.H.a
a Geomatic Innovation Research Group (GnG), Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
b Geodesy Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2019 N. S. A. Alihan et al.The earth’s crust undergoes natural deformation due to the geophysical loadings that consist of the earth body tide, ocean tide loading, atmospheric pressure loading and pole tide. This periodic displacement is generated by the changes of the gravitational attraction between the moon and the sun acting upon the earth’s rotation, along with the temporal atmospheric changes and the variability of the ocean tide. The study of the geophysical loadings is important in the geodesy field as the magnitude of the signals is significant and can contribute to errors in space geodetic measurements such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Altimeter. This study is conducted to evaluate the percentage of geophysical loadings in GPS observations by adopting general least square approaches. The presence of the geophysical loadings indicates that as many as 76% to 93% of the geophysical loadings signal are contained in the GPS time series. The findings reveal that earth body tide signals are more significant if compared to ocean tide loading signals because the magnitude of the earth body tide is greater than that of the ocean tide loading and it affects the coordinate system particularly at up component. Results illustrated the potential of GPS to provide the local parameters of the geophysical loadings that are beneficial for earth tidal modelling and that can be used to improve the quality of space geodetic measurements.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Atmospheric changes,Co-ordinate system,Earth’s rotation,General least squares,Geodetic measurements,Gravitational attraction,Local parameters,Very long baseline interferometry[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]earth body tide,geophysical loadings,gps observation,ocean tide loading[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Geomatic Innovation Research Group (GnG), Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Geodesy Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia are greatly acknowledged. Furthermore, the authors would like to express their gratitude to Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) for providing valuable MyRTKnet data for the uses of this study. We are grateful to the Ministry of Education (MOE) Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for funding this research under Research University Grant (VOT number: Q.J130000.2527.19H26).[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W16-101-2019[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]