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Metabolite profiling of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from super-intensive culture in closed aquaculture systems: a recirculating aquaculture system and a hybrid zero water discharge–recirculating aquaculture system
Suantika G.a, Situmorang M.L.a, Saputra F.I.a, Putri S.L.E.b, Putri S.P.b, Aditiawati P.a, Fukusaki E.b
a Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
b Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Introduction: The production of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei now accounts for approximately 75% of the total shrimp production in Indonesia. The techniques used to produce whiteleg shrimp in Indonesia are still dominated by conventional rearing strategies using open-pond systems, which often contribute to unpredictable culture performance and weak sustainability. Alternative production strategies of closed aquaculture systems, including the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and hybrid zero water discharge-recirculating aquaculture system (hybrid system), have been developed and implemented for higher productivity, stability and sustainability of whiteleg shrimp grow-out production in Indonesia. Despite the positive aspects of the application of closed aquaculture systems in shrimp aquaculture, the differences in the characteristics of shrimp grown in closed RAS and hybrid systems compared to open-pond systems remain unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate the differences in the metabolite profiles of shrimp grown in intensive closed aquaculture systems, including an RAS and hybrid system, compared to those of shrimp grown in a semi-intensive, open, earthen pond system by means of non-targeted GC–MS metabolite profiling. Methods: Shrimp cultured in the closed systems (RAS and hybrid system) and an open system (pond) were harvested and subjected to GC–MS non-targeted metabolomics analysis. A total of 112 metabolites were annotated from shrimp samples and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Results: The metabolites annotated from GC–MS mainly included organic compounds, proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, sugars, nucleosides and fatty acids. The results of principal component analysis showed several metabolites with high variable importance in projection (VIP) scores, including shikimic acid, β-alanine, uric acid, hypoxanthine, inosine, homocysteine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and lysine, as the main metabolites differentiating the shrimp grown in the three production systems. Conclusion: Our findings showed that shrimp cultured in different aquaculture systems exhibited distinct metabolite profiles, and the metabolites showing high VIP scores, including shikimic acid, β-alanine, uric acid, hypoxanthine, inosine, homocysteine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and lysine, may serve as candidate markers to indicate the differences in shrimp from different production systems.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Animals,Aquaculture,Metabolomics,Penaeidae,Water[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,Hybrid system,Metabolomics,Open system,Recirculating aquaculture system,Shrimp[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: ‘This work was supported by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, under the World Class Professor Program 2019. Acknowledgements’}, {‘$’: ‘The authors would like to thank PT. Gapura Akua Kultiva, Bandung, Indonesia, for the supply of the nitrification bacteria culture for the RAS, as well as PT. Suri Tani Pemuka, Indramayu, Indonesia, for the supply of shrimp post-larvae used for shrimp grow-out using a closed RAS and hybrid system.’}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01675-1[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]