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Highly selective hierarchical ZSM-5 from kaolin for catalytic cracking of Calophyllum inophyllum oil to biofuel
Hartatia, Trisunaryanti W.b, Mukti R.R.c, Kartika I.A.d, Firda P.B.D.a, Sumbogo S.D.b, Prasetyoko D.e, Bahruji H.f
a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C UNAIR, Surabaya, Indonesia
b Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
c Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
d Department of Agroindustrial Technology, FATETA-IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
e Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
f Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2020 Energy InstituteUpgrading the inferior properties of Calophyllum inophyllum oil via catalytic cracking into biofuel required a porous heterogeneous acid catalysts. Hierarchical ZSM-5 (Hi-ZSM-5(K)) produced from desilication of kaolin-derived ZSM-5 was employed as catalyst and the activity was compared with hierarchical ZSM-5 obtained from templating method (Hi-ZSM-5(T)). Catalytic cracking of Calophyllum inophyllum oil was carried out in one-pot reaction at 475 °C for 120 min under the flow of H2 and the products analysed using GC-MS were consisted of the mixtures of alkane, alkene, oxygenated carbon and aromatics compound. The advantages of desilication method for the formation of highly selective hierarchical ZSM-5 was observed when the catalyst exhibited enhanced acidity with mesopores diameter of 2–5 nm to give 93% conversion and high selectivity towards light C7–C9 hydrocarbons. However, Hi-ZSM-5(T) showed low acidity to give only 43% conversion, and selectivity towards C11–C12 hydrocarbons due to the mesopores diameter of 3–12 nm. The activity of hierarchical ZSM-5 was also compared with microporous ZSM-5 that produced biofuel with approximately equal distribution of C5–C18 hydrocarbons. The role of hierarchical structures was further discussed on the composition of aromatics compound, oxygenates content and alkene/alkane ratios of the biofuel.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Desilication,Enhanced acidity,Heterogeneous acid catalysts,Hierarchical structures,Hierarchical ZSM-5,High selectivity,One-pot reaction,Templating method[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Biofuel,Calophyllum inophyllum oil,Catalytic cracking,Hierarchical ZSM-5,Hydrocarbon,Kaolin[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: ‘Thank you to the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education for the funding provided from “ Research Kolaborasi Indonesia ” Research. Thank you to the researchers, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Gadjah Mada, FATETA-IPB University, and Institut Teknologi Bandung.’}, {‘$’: ‘Thank you to the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education for the funding provided from ?Research Kolaborasi Indonesia? Research. Thank you to the researchers, Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Gadjah Mada, FATETA-IPB University, and Institut Teknologi Bandung.’}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2020.06.006[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]