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A green synthesis of gold–palladium core–shell nanoparticles using orange peel extract through two-step reduction method and its formaldehyde colorimetric sensing performance
Wicaksono W.P.a, Kadja G.T.M.b, Amalia D.a, Uyun L.a, Rini W.P.a, Hidayat A.a, Fahmi R.L.a, Nasriyanti D.a, Leun S.G.V.a, Ariyanta H.A.c,d, Ivandini T.A.d
a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
b Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gunadarma, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2020 Elsevier B.V.Gold–palladium core–shell nanoparticles (Au@PdNPs) have been successfully synthesized through a two-step facile and green method. HAuCl4 and H2PdCl4 were used as the precursors, while orange peel extract (OPE) was used as both reducing and stabilizing agent. Initially, OPE was used to synthesize the gold core nanoparticles (AuNPs), followed by the reduction of PdCl42− solution to produce the Pd shell. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a strong visible absorbance at 534 nm indicated the formation of AuNPs at an optimum water/OPE ratio of 16.67, while the formation of Au@PdNPs was indicated by the disappearance of the peak at 534 nm. Further characterization by using IR spectroscopy indicated that –OH groups of OPE plays the main role in the nanoparticles formation, while TEM images observed a core–shell structure of the Au@PdNPs with an average core diameter of 40 nm and an average shell thickness of 7 nm. In the presence of different formaldehyde concentrations, the core–shell nanoparticles showed a clear color change from light to dark brown. Linearity of the absorbance responses from the formaldehyde concentration range of 36.3 mM to 3.63 M (R2 = 0.991) was achieved with an estimated LOD of 304.9 mM, suggested that the developed nanoparticles are promising to be applied for formaldehyde sensing.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Colorimetric sensing,Formaldehyde,Gold–palladium core–shell nanoparticles,Green synthesis,Orange peel extract[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: ‘This work was fully supported by Hibah Penelitian Pemula DPPM Universitas Islam Indonesia [contract number 090/Dir/DPPM/70/Pen.Pemula/PII/VIII/2016] and partially supported by Program Hibah Riset ITB 2020, Indonesia through Riset KK-B scheme (No. 2H/I.1.C01/PL/2020) from Institut Teknologi Bandung.’}, {‘$’: ‘This work was fully supported by Hibah Penelitian Pemula DPPM Universitas Islam Indonesia [contract number 090/Dir/DPPM/70/Pen.Pemula/PII/VIII/2016 ] and partially supported by Program Hibah Riset ITB 2020, Indonesia through Riset KK-B scheme (No. 2H/I.1.C01/PL/2020 ) from Institut Teknologi Bandung.’}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100535[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]