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Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines by ursolic acid in murine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium
Eka Pitaloka D.A.a, Cooper A.M.b, Artarini A.A.c, Damayanti S.a, Sukandar E.Y.a
a Department of Pharmacology-Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
b Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom
c Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2020 Genetics Society of America. All rights reserved.Mycobacterium avium, one of the closest relatives of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), offers an advantage in studying MTB because of its tuberculosis-like effect in humans and host immune tolerance. This study examined the antimycobacterial action of ursolic acid and its regulation in macrophages during infection. Colony-forming units of the bacteria were determined in the cell lysate of macrophages and in the supernatant. The effect of ursolic acid on macrophages during infection was determined by analyzing the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and nitrite. The colony-forming units analysis demonstrated that ursolic acid reduced the presence of Mycobacterium avium both intracellularly (in macrophages) and extracellularly. It decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 but increased the concentrations of interleukin-1β and nitrite during infection. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but phosphorylated the C-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. The antimycobacterial effect of ursolic acid correlated with its ability to regulate the activation of macrophages. This dual ability made the ursolic acid-related elimination of the mycobacteria more effective.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Macrophages,MAPK,Mycobacterium avium,Pro-inflammatory cytokines,Ursolic acid[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8717[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]