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Sumatran orangutan diets in the Late Pleistocene as inferred from dental microwear texture analysis
Louys J.a, Zaim Y.b, Rizal Y.b, Aswanb, Puspaningrum M.b, Trihascaryo A.b, Price G.J.c, Petherick A.d, Scholtz E.d, DeSantis L.R.G.d
a Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
b Paleontology and Quaternary Geology Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
c School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
d Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2020 Elsevier Ltd and INQUAOrangutan (Pongo spp.) fossils have been found throughout much of Pleistocene Southeast Asia. Today, Pongo is restricted to three living species on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. They are predominately frugivores, and during fruit masting events their diets can consist entirely of fruit. However, food procurement strategies between masting events differ between islands and thus species. Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) are largely able to fall back on non-masting fruit species, such as figs, such that they can maintain higher quality diets compared to their Bornean counterparts (Pongo pygmaeus), who ingest more lower quality and tougher foods between masting events. However, diets of fossil orangutans remain largely unknown. We investigated the diets of Sumatran orangutans from the Pleistocene deposits of the Padang Highlands, western Sumatra, using dental microwear texture analysis. We tested whether the diets of the fossil species were similar to those of Bornean orangutans, all great apes generally, and macaques that occupy similar habitats to modern orangutans, in order to gain insights into palaeoenvironments present in western Sumatra. We found that fossil orangutans consumed foods less tough than modern Bornean Pongo pygmaeus, and thus presumably more fleshy fruits (absent of significant seed mastication). We found no differences in the amount of hard object feeding between modern and fossil orangutans. Taken together, we suggest that Pleistocene orangutans from western Sumatra had similar diets to Pongo abelii, indicating that masting events were not a significant contributing factor in their intake of fruit. Finally, we suggest anisotropy values in orangutan dental microwear may be an important marker for fruit masting events in the Pleistocene.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Fruit masting,Lida ajer,Ngalau gupin,Ngalau sampit,Paleodiet,Pandang highlands[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: ‘We would like to thank Eleanor Hoeger, Robert Voss (American Museum of Natural History, New York), and Lim Kok Peng (Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore) for access to museum specimens. Holly Smith and Jerry Drawhorn are thanked for their assistance during fieldwork, and HS for photos of specimens. Funding was provided by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT160100450 (to Louys), and EAR grant 1053839 and funding from Vanderbilt University (to DeSantis). Two anonymous reviewers and the editor provided valuable feedback that helped improve this manuscript.’}, {‘$’: ‘We would like to thank Eleanor Hoeger, Robert Voss (American Museum of Natural History, New York), and Lim Kok Peng (Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore) for access to museum specimens. Holly Smith and Jerry Drawhorn are thanked for their assistance during fieldwork, and HS for photos of specimens. Funding was provided by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT160100450 (to Louys), and EAR grant 1053839 and funding from Vanderbilt University (to DeSantis). Two anonymous reviewers and the editor provided valuable feedback that helped improve this manuscript.’}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.08.040[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]