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Experimental measurement and thermodynamic model predictions of the distributions of Cu, As, Sb and Sn between liquid lead and PbO–FeO–Fe2O3–SiO2 slag
Shishin D.a, Hidayat T.b, Sultana U.K.a, Shevchenko M.a, Jak E.a
a PYROSEARCH, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
b Metallurgical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGDue to the increasing complexity of materials processed in primary and secondary lead smelting, better control of impurity elements is required. In the present study, distributions of Cu, As, Sb and Sn between PbO–FeO–Fe2O3–SiO2 slag and Pb metal are characterized experimentally and analyzed using thermodynamic calculations. Experimental methodology involved closed-system equilibration of sample mixtures at high temperature followed by rapid quenching. The compositions of phases were measured using electron probe X-ray microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thermodynamic calculations were performed using the FactSage software coupled with an internal thermodynamic database. Experimentally obtained distribution coefficients wt.% in slag/wt.% in metal at 1 200 8C (1 473 K) follow the sequence Sn >> Cu > As & Sb at P(O2) > As & Sb > Cu at P(O2) > 10–8.5 atm. Model predictions are in good agreement with the experiment.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Control of impurities,Distribution coefficient,Electron probe X ray microanalysis,Experimental methodology,Laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometries,Thermodynamic calculations,Thermodynamic database,Thermodynamic model[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Antimony distribution,Arsenic distribution,FactSage,Lead recycling,Lead smelting,Minor elements[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: ‘The authors acknowledge the financial support and technical guidance by the consortium of lead producers: Aurubis, Kazzinc Glencore, Umi-core, Nystar, Peñoles and Boliden through Australian Research Council Linkage program LP180100028. The present study would not be possible without the facilities and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis in The University of Queensland. Dr Charlotte Allen at the Center of Analytical Research Facilities at Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia provided valuable contribution to the development of the LA–ICP–MS technique. The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with Prof. Peter C Hayes and his support of metallurgical research program.’}, {‘$’: ‘The authors acknowledge the financial support and technical guidance by the consortium of lead producers: Aurubis, Kazzinc Glencore, Umicore, Nystar, Pe?oles and Boliden through Australian Research Council Linkage program LP180100028. The present study would not be possible without the facilities and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis in The University of Queensland. Dr Charlotte Allen at the Center of Analytical Research Facilities at Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia provided valuable contribution to the development of the LA?ICP?MS technique. The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with Prof. Peter C Hayes and his support of metallurgical research program.’}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111942[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]