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A simple straightforward thermal decomposition synthesis of PEG-covered Gd2O3 (Gd2O3@PEG) nanoparticles
Ahab A.a,b, Rohman F.c, Iskandar F.a, Haryanto F.a, Arif I.a
a Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
b Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nusa Cendana University, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia
c Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2016 The Society of Powder Technology JapanParamagnetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3@PEG) nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile thermal decomposition of gadolinium acetate hydrate (Gd(CH3CO2)3·XH2O) precursors in PEG-1000. PEG-1000 was used as a solvent, and as a size reducing and functionalizing agent. The advantages of the present method are that it is simple and relatively fast, and it only needs a small amount of reagents. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). From the XRD data, the average crystallite size, t, of the Gd2O3@PEG nanoparticles was calculated to be about 5.4, 3.8, and 3.1 nm at decomposition temperatures of 260 °C, 280 °C and 300 °C respectively. The SEM images revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a homogenous spherical shape while the coated nanoparticle diameters were about 178 nm at 260 °C. Synthesis at higher temperatures tended to cause agglomeration. FTIR analysis showed that the oxidation of PEG is linked to the Gd2O3 surface. Magnetization was investigated using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The magnetization vs. magnetic field (M–H) curve, measured at 300 K, showed that the Gd2O3@PEG nanoparticles exhibit characteristic paramagnetic behavior. We confirmed that the dispersibility and functionalization behavior of the PEG was successfully transferred to the Gd2O3 nanoparticles.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Coated nanoparticles,Contrast agent,Decomposition temperature,Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy,Functionalizations,Gadolinium oxide,Paramagnetic behavior,Vibrating sample magnetometer[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Contrast agent,Gd2O3,Nano-paramagnetic materials,PEG,Thermal decomposition[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]This research was funded by Research and Innovation Grant from Institut Teknologi Bandung in the fiscal year 2015. The author wish to thank Prof. Geoff Dougherty, California State of University, Channel Islands for discussions in improving the manuscript.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2016.06.012[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]