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Diagnosing low earth orbit satellite anomalies using NOAA-15 electron data associated with geomagnetic perturbations
Ahmad N.a,b, Herdiwijaya D.c, Djamaluddin T.d, Usui H.a, Miyake Y.a
a Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
b National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Bandung, Indonesia
c Astronomy Research Division and Bosscha Observatory, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
d National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Jakarta, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2018, The Author(s).A satellite placed in space is constantly affected by the space environment, resulting in various impacts from temporary faults to permanent failures depending on factors such as satellite orbit, solar and geomagnetic activities, satellite local time, and satellite construction material. Anomaly events commonly occur during periods of high geomagnetic activity that also trigger plasma variation in the low Earth orbit (LEO) environment. In this study, we diagnosed anomalies in LEO satellites using electron data from the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-15 satellite. In addition, we analyzed the fluctuation of electron flux in association with geomagnetic disturbances 3 days before and after the anomaly day. We selected 20 LEO anomaly cases registered in the Satellite News Digest database for the years 2000–2008. Satellite local time, an important parameter for anomaly diagnosis, was determined using propagated two-line element data in the SGP4 simplified general perturbation model to calculate the longitude of the ascending node of the satellite through the position and velocity vectors. The results showed that the majority of LEO satellite anomalies are linked to low-energy electron fluxes of 30–100 keV and magnetic perturbations that had a higher correlation coefficient (~ 90%) on the day of the anomaly. The mean local time calculation for the anomaly day with respect to the nighttime migration of energetic electrons revealed that the majority of anomalies (65%) occurred on the night side of Earth during the dusk-to-dawn sector of magnetic local time.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Geomagnetic activity,LEO satellite anomaly,Low-energy charged particles[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: ‘The authors would like to thank Kobe University, Institut Teknologi Bandung, and the Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space for providing facilities and other support for this research. The main author specifically thank the Ministry of Research and Technology under Secretariat of Project Management Office (PMO) Research and Innovation in Science and Technology Project (RISET-PRO) for supporting and facilitating activities during the Ph.D. study program. Also appreciated are the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Space-Track, which provided much of the data used in this study. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Kelso, of Celestrak, for his instruction on applying SGP4 to local time calculations. In addition, David Eagle, of the MathWorks community, is appreciated for sharing the orbital and celestial mechanics codes. Finally, the authors express gratitude to the reviewers for providing helpful suggestions.’}, {‘$’: ‘Nizam Ahmad: The author works for Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) in the field of spacecraft anomaly and celestial mechanics research. Currently, the author is taking a Ph.D. course in the Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Japan, and conducting research related to spacecraft and plasma interaction through the Electro-magnetic Spacecraft Environment Simulator (EMSES). The Ph.D. study program has been registered under sponsorship of the Ministry of Research and Technology, Secretariat of Project Management Office (PMO) Research and Innovation in Science and Technology Project (RISET-PRO) (REf.No.:7/RISET-Pro/SFS/I/2014). Dhani Herdiwijaya: Currently, the author serves as senior researcher and lecturer at the Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Indonesia, in the field of astronomy, specifically in solar physics and space plasma. Thomas Djamaluddin: The author serves as chair of the Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN). The author also serves as professor in the field of astronomy and celestial mechanics. Hideyuki Usui: The author serves as professor in the Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Japan. The author has also conducted research in the field of space plasma including its interaction with spacecraft as well as wave–particle interactions in space plasmas. Yohei Miyake: The author serves as associate professor in the Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Japan (H. Usui’s research group) and has written and published many papers related to spacecraft and plasma interaction.’}, {‘$’: ‘The submission of the manuscript was funded by Kobe University.’}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0852-2[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]