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Indonesia’s protected areas need more protection: Suggestions from island examples
Bickford D.a, Supriatna J.b, Andayani N.c, Iskandar D.d, Evans B.J.e, Brown R.M., Townsend T.g, Umilaelad, Azhari D.a, McGuire J.A.h
a Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
b Conservation International – Indonesia, Jakarta, 12550, Indonesia
c Wildlife Conservation Society – Indonesia Program, Bogor, Indonesia
d School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
e Biology Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada
f Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045-7561, United States
g Department of Biology and Center for Applied and Experimental Genomics, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182-4614, United States
h Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3060, United States
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© Cambridge University Press 2008 and Cambridge University Press, 2009.Introduction Intact, biodiverse ecosystems provide invaluable life-support services, raw natural resources, and cultural necessities ranging from recreational to spiritual. Moreover, they are literally economically priceless (Costanza et al. 1997). It is widely appreciated that “biodiversity is good’ and that ultimately, human well-being and persistence will depend on our ability to preserve it for future generations. Biodiverse ecosystems, however, are not evenly distributed on our planet – they are patchy and concentrated in tropical regions (Myers et al. 2000). Likewise, costs and benefits of conserving biodiversity are not evenly distributed (Balmford et al. 2003). Our ability to conserve biological diversity is constrained by global trends of exploitation, pollution and habitat loss – all increasing because of human-population growth. Unfortunately, areas of accelerating human population growth overlap many areas of highest biodiversity where resources to protect this diversity are fewest (Cincotta et al. 2000) and land-conversion pressures greatest. As human populations continue to expand, we are faced with even more pressing needs to conserve and protect diverse ecosystems. Protected areas: theory meets reality. Protected areas are, by definition, designed to protect biological diversity from threats to its continued existence. They are the cornerstone of most biodiversity efforts because species need habitats and they might be the best way to ensure the long-term conservation of biodiversity (du Toit et al. 2004). Unfortunately, many protected areas are only “paper parks’ that are not only highly degraded, but also the target of continuing exploitation (Curran et al. 2004).[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511542169.005[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]