Ground deformation of Papandayan volcano before, during, and after the 2002 eruption as detected by GPS surveys
Abidin H.Z.a, Andreas H.a, Gamal M.a, Suganda O.K.b, Meilano I.c, Hendrasto M.b, Kusuma M.A.a, Darmawan D.c, Purbawinata M.A.b, Wirakusumah A.D.b, Kimata F.c
a Department of Geodetic Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
b Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (DVGHM), Indonesia
c Research Center for Seismology and Volcanology (RCSV), Nagoya University, Japan
Abstract
Papandayan is an A-type active volcano located in the southern part of Garut Regency, about 70 km southeast of Bandung, Indonesia. Its earliest recorded eruption, and the most violent and devastating outburst, occurred in 1772. The latest eruptions occurred in the period from 11 November-8 December 2002, and consisted of phreatic, freatomagmatic, and magmatic types of eruption. During the latest eruption period, GPS surveys were conducted at several points inside and around the crater in a radial mode, using the reference point located at the Papandayan observatory, about 10 km from the crater. At the points closest to the erupting craters, GPS displacements up to a few decimeters were detected, whereas at the points outside the crater, the displacements were at the centimeter level. The magnitude of displacements observed at each point also showed a temporal variation according to the eruption characteristics. The results show that deformation during eruption tends to be local, e.g. just around the crater. The pressure source is difficult to be properly modeled from GPS results, due to the limited GPS data available and differences in topography, geological structure, and/or rheology related to each GPS station.
Author keywords
Indexed keywords
Deformation,Eruption,GPS survey,Papandayan