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Facile solvothermal synthesis and functionalization of polyethylene glycol-coated paramagnetic Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 particles and corresponding Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles for use as MRI contrast agents
Dougherty A.a,b,c, Nasution E.L.Y.a, Iskandar F.a, Dougherty G.c
a Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
b Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nusa Cendana University, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia
c Applied Physics and Medical Imaging, California State University Channel Islands (CSUCI), Camarillo, 93012, United States
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2018 The Authors Paramagnetic particles and nanoparticles have been widely used in bioimaging and biomedical applications. In this paper, functionalized gadolinium carbonate (Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ) particles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for use as an MRI contrast agent were produced. These PEGylated particles were also used as a single precursor for synthesizing Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles by a novel calcination pathway. The morphological, chemical, and structural properties of both the PEGylated Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 particles and Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. After the calcination process at a temperature of 800 °C, the amorphous, rhombus flakes of PEGylated Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 were converted into crystalline nanospherical Gd 2 O 3 particles with an average diameter of 80 nm. The hydrophilic polymer coating of PEG successfully attached to the Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 particles which resulted in high dispersibility and stability in a water based solution. The magnetic properties were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which showed that the PEGylated Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 and Gd 2 O 3 exhibit paramagnetic character. Furthermore, in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that PEGylated Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 particles show a promising T1 weighted effect and could potentially serve as a T1 MRI contrast agent.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Calcination,Contrast agent,Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3,Gd 2 O 3,PEG,Solvothermal[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]The work was supported by a PKPI scholarship to A.D. (9709/D3.2/PG/2016) from the Directorate General of Higher Education and Ministry of Research and Technology, Indonesia, and an ITB Research and Innovation Grant 2016.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2018.12.005[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]