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The late quaternary tectonic, biogeochemical, and environmental evolution of ferruginous Lake Towuti, Indonesia

Russell J.M.a, Vogel H.b, Bijaksana S.c, Melles M.d, Deino A.e, Hafidz A.c, Haffner D.f, Hasberg A.K.M.d, Morlock M.b, von Rintelen T.g, Sheppard R.a, Stelbrink B., Stevenson J.i

a Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, 02912, United States
b Institut of Geological Science & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
c Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
d Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
e Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, 94709, United States
f Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, N9B 3P4, Canada
g Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, 10115, Germany
h Zoological Institute, University of Basel, 4051, Switzerland
i School of Culture, History and Language, Australia National University, Acton, 2601, Australia

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2020 Elsevier B.V.There is a paucity of long and continuous continental records from South East Asia suitable to inform on past changes and underlying causes of the region’s climate and associated diverse ecosystem evolution during the late Quaternary. In 2015, the Towuti Drilling Project (TDP) collected a series of sedimentary drill cores from the tectonic, ferruginous, and highly biodiverse Lake Towuti, Sulawesi, one of Indonesia’s oldest lakes. The drill cores contain ~1 Myr of uninterrupted lacustrine sedimentation to document long-term environmental and climatic change in the tropical western Pacific, the impacts of geological and environmental changes on the biological evolution of aquatic taxa, and the geomicrobiology and biogeochemistry of metal-rich, ultramafic-hosted lake sediment. Here we use lithostratigraphic, mineralogical, geochemical, and geochronological datasets to elucidate Lake Towuti’s tectonic emergence and its biogeochemical responses to climatic and volcanic forcings since lake formation. Our data document that Lake Towuti emerged during a phase of accelerated tectonic subsidence from a landscape characterized by active river channels, shallow lakes and swamps into a permanent lake at ~1 Ma. The lacustrine sediments feature quasi-rhythmic alternations of green organic rich and red sideritic clay beds reflecting changes in lake mixing and biogeochemistry as a response to temperature and hydrological changes driven by orbital-scale changes in insolation and continental ice volume through the mid- to late Pleistocene. Clay deposition is interrupted by two beds of diatomaceous oozes composed primarily of planktonic diatoms that reflect phases of substantially increased primary productivity. The occurrence of these diatomaceous oozes in close association with multiple tephra beds suggests a trophic state change driven by the addition of volcanically sourced P, possibly in combination with a lake mixing state that supports recycling of P. Data on lake age and ontogeny are also in agreement with molecular-clock estimates of ~0.7 Ma (0.18–1.37 Ma) for the divergence of Lake Towuti’s Telmatherinid fishes from a riverine ancestor. Our data therefore are compatible with an evolutionary model in which Lake Towuti’s endemic fauna is a result of geographic speciation in the Malili Lakes, a set of large lakes in Southeast Sulawesi, driven by physical or chemical dispersal limits imposed by the regional rivers and lakes. More detailed chronological constraints and refined climate and environmental proxy datasets are currently in preparation and will help to paint a more detailed history of the region’s climate and environmental history in future studies.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Ancient lake,Geochemistry,Paleoclimate,Paleolimnology,Sedimentology,Southeast Asia[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][{‘$’: “This research was carried out with partial support from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the German Research Foundation (DFG) the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), PT Vale Indonesia, the Ministry of Research, Education, and Higher Technology of Indonesia (RISTEK) , Brown University , the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences , the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) , and Genome British Columbia. We thank PT Vale Indonesia, the US Continental Scientific Drilling and Coordination Office , and US National Lacustrine Core Repository , and DOSECC Exploration Services for logistical support. The research was carried out with permissions from RISTEK, the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia, the Natural Resources Conservation Center (BKSDA) , and the Government of Luwu Timur of Sulawesi. Cores and data are archived at the National Lacustrine Core Repository, USA, and data are available at NOAA’s World Data Center for Paleoclimatology at the time of publication.”}, {‘$’: “This research was carried out with partial support from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the German Research Foundation (DFG) the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), PT Vale Indonesia, the Ministry of Research, Education, and Higher Technology of Indonesia (RISTEK), Brown University, the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and Genome British Columbia. We thank PT Vale Indonesia, the US Continental Scientific Drilling and Coordination Office, and US National Lacustrine Core Repository, and DOSECC Exploration Services for logistical support. The research was carried out with permissions from RISTEK, the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia, the Natural Resources Conservation Center (BKSDA), and the Government of Luwu Timur of Sulawesi. Cores and data are archived at the National Lacustrine Core Repository, USA, and data are available at NOAA’s World Data Center for Paleoclimatology at the time of publication.”}][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109905[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]