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Seismic imaging and petrology explain highly explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
Widiyantoro S.a, Ramdhan M.a,b, Metaxian J.-P., Cummins P.R.e, Martel C., Erdmann S., Nugraha A.D.a, Budi-Santoso A.g, Laurin A., Fahmi A.A.
a Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
b Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics, Jakarta, 10720, Indonesia
c ISTerre, IRD R219, CNRS, Université de Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
d Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
e Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
f Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans (ISTO), Université d’Orléans-CNRS-BRGM, Orléans, France
g Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency, Bandung, 40122, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© 2018, The Author(s).Our seismic tomographic images characterize, for the first time, spatial and volumetric details of the subvertical magma plumbing system of Merapi Volcano. We present P- and S-wave arrival time data, which were collected in a dense seismic network, known as DOMERAPI, installed around the volcano for 18 months. The P- and S-wave arrival time data with similar path coverage reveal a high Vp/Vs structure extending from a depth of ≥20 km below mean sea level (MSL) up to the summit of the volcano. Combined with results of petrological studies, our seismic tomography data allow us to propose: (1) the existence of a shallow zone of intense fluid percolation, directly below the summit of the volcano; (2) a main, pre-eruptive magma reservoir at ≥ 10 to 20 km below MSL that is orders of magnitude larger than erupted magma volumes; (3) a deep magma reservoir at MOHO depth which supplies the main reservoir; and (4) an extensive, subvertical fluid-magma-transfer zone from the mantle to the surface. Such high-resolution spatial constraints on the volcano plumbing system as shown are an important advance in our ability to forecast and to mitigate the hazard potential of Merapi’s future eruptions.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]We gratefully acknowledge the French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche for funding the DOMERAPI ANR project (ANR-12-BS06-0012) and BMKG for providing data used in this study. The DOMERAPI data were acquired using instruments belonging to the French national pool of portable seismic stations RESIF-SISMOB (CNRS-INSU). This study was supported in part by the Indonesian Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI) research funding 2015–2017 and Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) through a WCU research grant 2016–2017 awarded to SW. We thank N. Rawlinson for reviewing an early version of this manuscript and A. Rahman for producing the final draft of Figure 4.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31293-w[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]