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Identification of Thermal Front in Indonesian Waters during 2007 – 2017
Jatiandana A.P.a, Nurdjaman S.a
a Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Indonesia is a region that is directly adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean which allows a thermal front phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of thermal fronts based on seasonal variations and inter-annual variations in Indonesia waters. The data used in this study were Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Ocean Nino Index (ONI), and Dipole Mode Index (DMI) from January 2007 – December 2017 (11 years). The SST data was a level 3 Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite image data with a resolution of 4 km. SST data was analysed using remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS). The results of this study indicated that the distribution of SST and thermal fronts were influenced by seasonal variations and inter-annual variations. The highest average thermal front event in Indonesian waters occurred in a combination of El-Nino and Positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) conditions. The highest average thermal front incidence in Indonesian waters also occurred during the East Season, while the smallest average occurred during the Transition Season II. During West Season, Transition Season II, and East Season, the largest number of thermal fronts was found in Western Indonesian Waters. Meanwhile, in the Transition Season I, the largest number of thermal fronts was found in Central Indonesian Waters. Thermal fronts were often found when the SST of Indonesian waters were cooler than normal conditions. The cooler condition made the SST more heterogeneous and formulated the thermal front phenomenon.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Dipole mode indices,Indian ocean dipoles,Interannual variation,Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer satellites,Normal condition,Remote sensing techniques,Sea surface temperature (SST),Seasonal variation[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Indonesian waters,remote sensing,seasonal and inter-annual variations,SST,thermal front[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]The author would like to thank for the financial support provided by the KIOST Scholarship.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/618/1/012039[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]