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Oil pollution in Indonesian waters: Combining statistical analyses of ENVISAT ASAR and sentinel-1A C-SAR data with numerical tracer modelling
Gade M.a, Mayer B.a, Meier C.a, Pohlmann T.a, Putri M.b, Setiawan A.c
a Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
b Institute Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
c Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624529070653{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner layout=”boxed”][vc_column_inner width=”3/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1624695412187{border-right-width: 1px !important;border-right-color: #dddddd !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Abstract” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]© Authors 2017.This Pilot Study aimed at improving the information on the state of the Indonesian marine environment that is gained from satellite data. More than 2000 historical and actual synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from ENVISAT ASAR and Sentinel-1A/B C-SAR, respectively, were used to produce oil pollution density maps of two regions of interest (ROI) in Indonesian waters. The normalized spill number and the normalized mean polluted area were calculated, and our findings indicate that in general, the marine oil pollution in both ROI is of different origin: while ship traffic appears to be the main source in the Java Sea, oil production industry causes the highest pollution rates in the Strait of Makassar. In most cases hot spots of marine oil pollution were found in the open sea, and the largest number of oil spills in the Java Sea was found from March to May and from September to December, i.e., during the transition from the north-west monsoon to the south-east monsoon, and vice versa. This is when the overall wind and current patterns change, thereby making oil pollution detection with SAR sensors easier. In support of our SAR image analyses high-resolution numerical forward and backward tracer experiments were performed. Using the previously gained information we identify strongly affected coastal areas (with most oil pollution being driven onshore), but also sensitive parts of major ship traffic lanes (where any oil pollution is likely to be driven into marine protected areas). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, to combine numerical tracer modelling with (visual) SAR image analyses for an assessment of the marine environment in Indonesian waters, and they help in better understanding the observed seasonality.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Author keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Forward-and-backward,Marine oil pollution,Marine protected area,Monsoon,Oil pollution detection,Oil production industry,Oil spill detection,Tracer modeling[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Indexed keywords” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]Indonesian waters,Marine oil pollution,Monsoon,Numerical tracer model,Oil spill detection,SAR[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”Funding details” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]The pilot study IndoNACE received funding from the European Space Agency (ESA) under contract ITT AO 1-8176/14/F/MOS. ENVISAT ASAR imagery was kindly made available by ESA’s EO Grid Processing On-Demand (EO-GPOD) Team.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][megatron_heading title=”DOI” size=”size-sm” text_align=”text-left”][vc_column_text]https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W2-71-2017[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/4″][vc_column_text]Widget Plumx[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator css=”.vc_custom_1624528584150{padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][/vc_column][/vc_row]